人教新课标高中英语“词汇”必修一(同步解析版),按照必修与选修课本后的单词表依次编写,结合历年考点出现的频率,来重点解析词汇。
1. survey n./v.调查,测验;←→convey v.传达,表达(想法、感受);传送,运送;←→communicate v.交流, 传达→communication n.交流,通信
⑴communicate…with…与…进行交流;communicate…to…将…传递给某人;
⑵(2007江西)A survey of the opinions of experts _____ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _____ good for one’s health. A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are
答案:B。句意:一份对专家观点进行的调查显示,每周三个小时的户外锻炼有益于人的健康。本题考查主谓一致。由a survey可知第一个空用shows,首先排除A、C两项;第二个空前的outdoor exercise看作单数,故其谓语动词用单数形式。 ⑶(2011福建)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who
答案:A。句意:她具有给学生营造一种允许他们自由交流氛围的天赋。本题考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,先行词an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开,该从句缺少指代事物的主语,故选项A符合题意。(注意:have a gift for对…有天赋)
⑷(2011上海)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand. A. why
B. that
C. which
D. what
答案:D。句意:你试图想通过话语传达的信息也许正与其他人实际理解的完全相反。本题考查名词性从句中(即,介词后的宾语从句)。谓语动词understand后缺少宾语,故选项D符合题意。
2. addicted adj.上瘾的,痴迷的;←add vt.增加,添加;补充说; vi.加,加起来;增添→addition n.添加 →additional adj.附加的,额外的; ⑴add up合计,加起来;
⑵add up to合计达,总计达;总的来讲,等于说; ⑶add...to...把…加到…上;
⑷add to使增添,使增加(麻烦、困惑等); ⑸in all=in total总计,总共; ⑹in addition此外
⑺in addition to=besides除了…之外(还有) ⑻be addicted to对…痴迷,沉迷于…;
⑼(2009江苏)This special school accepts all disabled students, _____ educational level and background. A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of
答案:B。句意:这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生,不论教育水平和教育背景。according to依据,按照; regardless of不管,不顾;in addition to除了…之外;in terms of在…方面;从…方面来说;根据…来解释; ⑽(2008四川延考)That’s all I have to say. Is there anything you’d like to________, Terry? A. talk
B. require C. add
D. deliver
答案:C。句意:这就是我所有要讲的内容。特里,你还有要补充的吗?本题考查动词词义辨析:talk谈话,讨论;require需要,要求;add补充说,增加;deliver投递;依据句意理解,则选项C符合题意。
⑾(2006北京)There have been several new events________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
答案:D。句意:2008北京奥运会加入了一些新的体育项目。本题中add为及物动词,常见搭配add sth. to sth.(把…加入到…中),则题干为:add several new events to the program;因此new events与add之间存在被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。 ⑿(2003上海)The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _______ the helplessness of the crew at sea. A. added to
B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up
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答案:A。句意:轮船的发动机出了故障,而且恶劣的天气增添了船员在大海上的无助。add to增加,增添;turn out结果是,证明是;【比较:①look out=watch out注意,当心;②pick out挑选,分辨出;③break out <战争、火灾等>突然发生,爆发;④carry out执行,履行;⑤check out核实,检查;查证无误;】make up组成,打扮;编造<说法、解释等>;补上,补回<时间、工作等>;result from因…而产生,发生;由…而造成;【比较:①result in导致,造成;②lead to导致,产生,引起;】 3. appointment n.约会,任命←appoint v.任命,指定←point n.点,尖端,分数;v.(用手指或细物)指,指 向;面向,对准;→disappoint v.使失望→disappointment n.失望 ⑴point out指出; ⑵point at指向,对准;
⑶There is/seems no point in doing sth.做...没有意义 ①There is no need to do sth. 没有必要来做某事; ②There is no doubt that...毫无疑问...;
③There is nothing better than to do sth.没有比做某事再好的了; ④There is a good chance that 很有可能…; ⑤It is no use/good doing sth.做…没有用/没好处; ⑷to the point切题的,中肯的;
⑸be on the point of doing sth. when … 正要去做某事,就在这时发生了另一件事情; ⑹make an appointment with 与…约会(约定); ⑺appoint sb. to do sth.任命(委派)某人做某事;
⑻(2011江西)What’s the_______, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself? A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point
答案:D。句意:你认为,如果他自己不努力帮助自己的话,那么别人去帮助他还有什么意义呢?本题考查名词词义辨析:sympathy同情,可怜;theme主题;object目标,物体;point要点,得分;该题目中the point of doing sth.意为“做某事的理由或意义”。
⑼(2011福建)---My teacher says she’s canceling the class play. I just can’t understand. ---_______ .You were looking forward to it.
A.It doesn’t matter B.It’s very unwise of her C.Don’t worry about it D.You must be disappointed
答案:D。句意:---老师说她要取消课堂游戏。我真不明白。---你一定失望了吧。你一直期待着呢吧。本题考查情景交际用语。选项A意为“没关系”;选项B意为“她很不明智”;选项C意为“不要担心”;依据句意和语境理解,则选项D符合题意。 【比较】
⑴It doesn’t matter. “没关系。”
①used to tell someone that you are not angry or upset about something, especially something that they have done;“没关系”<尤指对某人已做的事情表示并不生气或介意;>
---I have spilled some coffee on the carpet.我洒了些咖啡在地毯上。 ---It doesn’t matter.没关系。
②used to say that you do not mind which one of two things you have;“没关系”<表示两者中要哪个你都不会介意;> ---Red or white wine? 红葡萄酒还是白葡萄酒?
---Oh, either. It doesn’t matter.噢,哪一种都行。没有关系。
⑵Never mind. “不要紧,没关系”<=tell someone not to worry or be upset about something;一般用于“对方表示担忧或很遗憾”的回答用语,告诉某人不要担心某事;>
---I’m afraid I’ve broken the chair. 恐怕我把椅子弄坏了。
---Never mind, I can easily get it fixed. 没关系,我可以轻而易举地把它修好。
⑽(2010江苏)The experiment has______ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no
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life on other planets.
A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out
答案:C。句意:实验排除了那个行星上存在生命的可能性,但这并不意味着其他行星上也没有生命。本题考查动词短语辨析:find out查明,弄清楚; point out指出,指明; carry out执行,实施;rule out排除;拒绝考虑。 ⑾(2009浙江)I have reached a point in my life _________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why
答案:B。句意:我已经到了我应该自己做决定的那个人生阶段了。本题考查定语从句,先行词是point,代入定语从句中为:I am supposed to make decisions of my own at the point.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作状语,故用关系副词where。 ⑿(2008辽宁)I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and _________ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of
答案:C。句意:我喜欢迈纳尔先生的演讲,比较清楚、中肯。本题考查介词搭配:to the point意为“切题”。 ⒀(2007江西)After graduation she reached a point in her career ________ she needed to decide what to do. A.that
B.what
C.which
D.where
答案:D。句意:毕业后,她走到了一个要由她决定做什么的人生转折点。本题考查定语从句的关系词,a point在本句中作定语从句的先行词,表地点作状语,故选项D符合题意。英语中,point/situation/case等作先行词时,其后的关系词在定语从句中作状语时,用关系副词where(=in which)。
⒁(2005湖北)He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ he is tired out. A. There is no point B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
答案:C。句意:他已经三天没睡觉了。难怪他那么疲倦。本题考查固定搭配:There is no point. 没有意义;There is no need.不需要,没必要;It is no wonder.难怪;It is no way.没门。
4. sunset n.日落←→upset v.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安,使心烦;adj.心烦意乱,不适的,不舒服的; ←set v.设置(布景、背景),确定(时间、日期、价格等)→settle v.定居,解决;→settlement n.(解决 双方争端的)正式协议,决定;
⑴be upset about/by/over… 对…感到心烦或不安;
⑵settle down(尤指四处奔波之后)安顿下来,定居;(使)停止讲话,安静下来; ⑶set up建立,创立(公司、机构等);
⑷set aside(为某种目的)留出,拨出(时间或金钱);把…置于一旁,不受(感情、信仰、原则等)的影响;宣布(以前的法律决定)无效,撤销;【比较:put aside存储,留下;把…放在一边,不予考虑;】 ⑸set down=write down=take down写下,记下,登记; ⑹set out to do sth.=set/go about doing sth.着手做某事; ⑺set off启程,动身;
⑻set out for=leave for动身前往(某地);
⑼(2011江苏)---You look upset. What’s the matter? ---I had my proposal _______ again.
A.turned over B.turned on C.turned off D.turned down
答案:D。句意:---你看上去不高兴,怎么啦?---我的建议又遭到拒绝了。本题考查短语动词辨析:turn over翻身,翻转,把…移交;turn on打开(水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等);turn off关掉(电器、水龙头等);turn down关小(音量等),拒绝。
⑽(2010山东)Sam ______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up
B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
答案:C。句意:萨姆只是通过观看别人操作电脑便学到了一些电脑知识。本题考查动词短语辨析:bring up抚养;look up查询,仰望;pick up<偶然>学到,接送,拾起,好转,接收;set up建立,创立<公司、机构等>;竖起<标志牌、塑像等>;依据句意理解,则只有pick up符合题意。
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⑾(2010四川)Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man ________ and left. A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up
答案:B。句意:珍妮正在找一个座位,就在那时,很幸运地,一个人站起来,离开了。本题考查短语辨析:get up起床;起立,站起来;take up从事,承担;占据<时间或空间>;接受<建议或挑战>;shut up闭嘴; 关闭<商店、房间等>;set up建立,设立<公司、机构>;安排<会议>;安装,架设;建起,竖起<标志牌、塑像等>;<尤指离开父母>成家,过生活。 ⑿(2009陕西)A notice was _________ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up
答案:D。句意:为了提醒同学们演讲时间有变动,有人张贴了一则通知。本题考查短语辨析:send up发射;give up放弃;set up设立,创办;put up张贴(布告、图片等)。依据句意理解,则选项D符合题意。 ⒀(2008浙江)American Indian ______ about five percent of the U.S. population. A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up
答案:C。句意:国的印第安约占美国总人口的百分之五。本题考查动词短语辨析:fill up填充;bring up抚养,养育;make up占(多少比例),组成,编造;set up设立,创办。依据句意理解,则make up符合题意。
⒁(2008全国Ⅰ)After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane_______ her job as a doctor in the countryside. A. set out B.took over C.took up D.set up
答案:C。句意:在一所医科大学上了五年学以后,简开始在乡下做了一名医生。本题考查短语辨析:set out出发,动身;着手做…(其后要接不定式);take over接管,接收;take up从事,承担;占据<时间或空间>;接受<建议或挑战>;set up设立,创办,建立。
⒂(2006江西)For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll ________ my own business someday. A. turn up B. fix up C.set up D.make up
答案:C。句意:这些年来,我一直为别人打工。我一直希望,有朝一日我能够建立自己的事业。本题考查动词短语辨析:turn up出现,显露;竖起(衣领等);(声音等)调大;fix up修补,解决;set up建立,创办;make up编造,组成,化妆,弥补。
5. ignore v.不理睬,忽视←→neglect n./v.疏忽,忽视;←→overlook v.忽视,俯瞰;←→outlook n.(对世界、 生活的)看法,观点;(从某处望见的)景色,风光;
⑴ignore意为“不理睬,忽视”(常指视而不见、听而不闻或故意不予理睬);
Either she didn’t see me wave or she deliberately ignored me. 要么她没看见我招手,要么就是故意不理我。 ⑵neglect 意为“疏忽,忽略,忽视”;
They were accused of neglecting the children.他们被指控没有好好照顾孩子。
Many of these ideas have been neglected by modern historians. 这些想法中有许多都被现代历史学家们忽略了。 ⑶overlook 意为“忽视,没有注意到”(指“由于粗心、放任而没看出或采取行动”); It is easy to overlook a small detail like that.那样的细枝末节很容易被忽略。
6. palm n.手掌←→calm adj.平静的,镇静的,沉着的;v.(使)平静,(使)镇定; ⑴calm down 平静下来,镇定下来; ⑵keep/stay calm沉住气,保持镇静;
⑶(2007湖北)Emergency line operators must always ___________ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
答案:D。本题考查动词词义辨析:四个选项后均可接形容词作表语,其中grow与become均表示“变化”,与always意义不符;appear作系动词,意为“好像,似乎”;stay作系动词,意为“保持”;句意:急诊热线的接线员们必须一直保持冷静,并确保得到他们所需要的所有信息以便派出救助。【注意:①stay/keep calm保持镇静,保持冷静;②keep/stay healthy保持健康;③keep/stay silent保持沉默;】
7. have got to 不得不,必须(口语化,英式英语常用)=have to不得不,必须(侧重客观情况)←→must
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必须,一定,务必(侧重主观情况) ⑴mustn’t表“禁止”;
⑵must表“推测”,其否定句和疑问句要借助情态动词can/could,切忌不能用mustn’t; ①对“现在事实”进行推测,用“must+动词原形”; ②对“过去事实”进行推测,用“must have+过去分词”; ③对“进行时”进行推测,用“must be+现在分词”;
④对现在事实或进行时的推测,其反意疑问句借助be动词;对过去事实进行推测,若有明显一般过去时态的状语时,其反意疑问句借助助动词did;反之,则用has/have; ⑶must用于if条件句中,意为“偏要,非要”; ⑷don’t have to=needn’t不必要,没有必要;
⑸(2011全国II)If you ________ smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may
答案:C。本题考查情态动词:can能够,能;should应该;must一定,必须;may可以,或许;句意:如果你非得要抽烟,请到外面去。
⑹(2011福建)---Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ---I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting. A.will B.must C.may D.can
答案:B。本题考查情态动词:will将要,愿意;must必须,一定;may可以,或许;can能够;句意:---我该马上通知他日程改了吗?---恐怕你得必须(通知他),以免他开会迟到。
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