英综
I Word or Phrase Explaining:
LESSON 5
boisterous=energetic in a rough way, usually from high spirits
shrivelled=curled up and withered from dryness
the florid and surfeited luxury of summer=the pleasures of summer that are so abundant and rich that one can tire of them
mellow=become warm, rich and sweet
soaks in colour=is very richly coloured
a grave mist-softened morning of reflection=a quiet and sad morning, on which outlines are made indefinite by mist and with a peacefulness which induces thought
billowing=large and rounded like big waves
huddle in ruffled feathers=make their bodies as small as possible while the wind blows out their feathers
live up to expectations=be as good as hoped for
LESSON 6
investment in people=money spent on paying people to do a job that will produce profit
the complex individual and group relationships=the many and various ways in which separate people or numbers of people working together have dealings with one another
uneconomic=wasteful of money
flexibility=the possibility of being changed easily to suit varying conditions
preoccupation with rental costs=concern about how much will have to be paid as rent
in such a regimented fashion=according to a rigid and formal pattern
intrusive=forcing its way in
to balance their requirements with corporate needs=to modify their own wishes so as to fit in with what is best for everybody
LESSON 7
plain speaking with hovering dissension=the blunt expression of opinion without any attempt at diplomacy and the ever-present possibility of quarrels
to reflect prosperity and propriety=to give the impression of success and correct
behaviour
reminiscences=anecdotes based on memories
ritual=established ceremonial procedure
internationally-derided and very unfairly-underrated=made fun of in many countries and valued far below her true worth
LESSON 8
whose subject and composition can be changed instantaneously=A picture with a quite different theme and arrangement can take its place immediately.
it acquires sinister malice=It is given a cruel and frighteningly evil power of mockery.
surmounts=appears on top of
who seeks the reassurance of her mirror=who looks into her mirror when she is afraid and needs comfort and encouragement.
Science has intervened again=Science has again directed our thoughts away from metaphysical speculations.
II Multiple Choices
LESSON 5
1. His speech was careful and (distinct) but his words seemed to make no sense.
2. The choir stood in four rows according to their (respective) heights.
3. The campers (pitched) their tent in a sheltered valley.
4. Far more should be done to (alleviate) the sufferings of unwanted domestic pets.
5. As a result of the strike, the Government is urging people to be (economical) with electricity.
6. An almost (continuous) line of traffic was moving at a snail’s pace through the town.
7. I shall (advertise) the loss of my reading-glasses in the newspaper, with a reward for the finder.
8. He waited in the (porch) for the front door to open.
9. I suddenly (realised) that it was past ten o’clock.
10. The kitchen was small and (compact) so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.
LESSON 6
1. Income tax rates are (related) to one’s annual income.
2. He went ahead with unpopular changes, (indifferent) to hostile criticism.
3. A sudden movement caught the antelope’s attention and he instantly became (suspicious) and alert.
4. During their first teacher-training year, the students often visited local schools for the (observation) of lessons.
5. As this was the young man’s first offence, the magistrate was (lenient) in awarding his sentence.
6. Elegantly-dressed people were strolling along the many tree-lined (avenues) through the park.
7. He is not one of those (intellectual) members of the staff who read “The Times” and take an interest in art and philosophy.
8. The snake (glided) smoothly through the long grass.
9. The fire must have (broken) out after the staff had gone home.
10. He came to inspect the house (with a view to) buying it.
LESSON 7
1. On Labour Day the workers will march in (procession) through the town.
2. The ink had faded with time and so parts of the letter were (illiterate).
3. He has read widely but seldom thought deeply so his apparent learning is really quite (superficial).
4. Driving with (defective) brakes endangers not only yourself but also all other road users you encounter.
5. Poisons should be kept in a place that is (inaccessible) to children.
6. One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the (disposal) of plastic containers.
7. The law proved so unpopular that it was (repealed) by the Government a year later.
8. The floods did not start to (recede) until two days after the rain had stopped.
9. I doubt whether he can keep (up) his efforts much longer as he looks very tired.
10. The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property (in accordance with) the terms of the agreement.
LESSON 8
1. Medieval travelers’ tales of fantastic creatures were often fascinating but not always (credible).
2. He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his best-selling novel he became unbearably (conceited).
3. He made some (preliminary) sketches which would serve as guides when he painted the actual portrait.
4. No human being is (infallible) but Alistair Allington made very few mistakes.
5. After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and (frail) that a gust of wind might have blown him away.
6. The Romans (subdued) a large part of Europe and the Middle East.
7. He is considered to be an outstanding artist but I consider his work to be quite (mediocre).
8. He paid his bill with a (counterfeit) twenty-pound note.
9. He lives entirely alone (apart from) the rats, bats, moths and mice.
10. Many countries have now succeeded in (eradicating) the malarial mosquito.
III Word Derivation:
LESSON 1
1 The (disgrace) of being sent to prison was too much for him to bear. (grace)
2 Her (apprehensions) about the dangers of traveling were increased by the accident. (apprehend)
3 Children from (affectionless) and disrupted homes are disproportionately involved in crimes and delinquencies. (affect)
4 A great scholar is (acquisitive) of ideas. (acquire)
5 He is one of these (officious), noisy little men who are always ready to give you unasked information. (office)
LESSON 2
1 From this (advantageous) position, the scouts can observe three roads. (advantage)
2 It is (presumptuous) and untrue to insist that God must back us up whatever we do. (presume)
3 Great writers are (immortalized) by their works. (mortal)
4 Five pennies are the (equivalent) of a nickel. (equal)
5 A small amount of cake (suffices) the baby. (sufficient)
LESSON 3
1 For many decades, American retailers have given (savings) (save) stamps which their customers can use to pay for merchandise.
2 With a two-inch long scar on his left cheek, Denis is somehow always having a (sinister) (sin) look on his face.
3 A highly (specialized) (special) skill limits a person’s job opportunities. And it may make the (specialist) (special) a potential victim of technological unemployment.
4 The European system of education very early separates (youngsters) (young) permanently on the basis of ability.
5 Hearing a loud explosion is the alley behind the house, he jumped up and ran to a (hellish) (hell) scene of suffocating smell, burning fire and black smoke billowing skyward.
LESSON 4
1 The English system of (punctuation) (punctuate) has relatively few ways of indicating differences in emotions or attitudes.
2 The (burial) (bury) of the political activists shot by the police was done early in the morning, without a ceremony.
3 Out of (vanity) (vain), a student sometimes studies only so that he can prove in class the professor is wrong just to be showing off.
4 Grandmother mistrust John, whose lies and (deceptions) (deceive) are disgusting.
5 The test of a tolerant person may be his willingness to tolerate (unbearable) (bear) situations like noisy neighbors, dogs running over his lawns and a radio blaring next to him on the beach.
LESSON 5
1 We feel sad for the death or (mutilation) of innocent men and women. ( mutilate)
2 His children are proud of his (unblemished) reputation. ( blemish)
3 We have been (inseparable) friends since our childhood. (separate)
4 Both parts should contribute a little to the mutual (understanding) of each other. (understand)
5 Generations of urban living had (sharpened) their wits. (sharp)
LESSON 6
1 The bomb was (presumably) intended to go off while the meeting was in progress. (presume)
2 To support our parents and to bring up our children are the (indispensable) obligation to us. (dispense)
3 After acceding to WTO, China will (loosen) restrictions on trade. (loose)
4 He (consumedly) indulged himself in drinking and smoking. (consume)
5 “Unfortunately, the disease is (incurable), “the doctor said. (cure)
LESSON 7
1 Spitting in public or chew gum at a dance is a sign of (vulgarity) . (vulgar)
2 His (tactics) in winning the general election were hardly ethical. (tactless)
3 To some people his paintings are nothing but (grotesquery), yet some cognoscenti regard them as unique. (grotesque)
4 No matter how hard she tried to learn to swim, she found that she couldn’t (co-ordinate) her movement in water. (co-ordination)
5 Behind her (impassivity) lay deep anxiety. (impassive)
LESSON 8
1 Though blind, Helen had such (delicacy) of hearing and touching that surprised her
teacher. (delicious)
2 It is said that Guangzhou is the place where one can taste all kinds of (delicacies). (deliciously)
3 Life is full of ups and downs, so we should be ready to put up with all sorts of (disagreeables). (disagree)
4 From that outlook, they could see Indians as well as returning (expeditionists). (expedition)
During the cultural revolution, the works of art and literature were (rigidified) into fixed patterns.(rigid)
LESSON 9
1 There has been a (dramatic) change in his condition in the company. (drama)
2 After some (deliberation) , he started to work on the plan.（deliberate）
3 The company employed a private (detective) to keep a watch on the suspected man. (detect)
4 This jacket is (reversible). (reverse)
5 Although I live among the mountains of Switzerland, I still find Showdown very
(impressive). (impress)
LESSON 10
1 How to pass the final examination is his (primary) concern. (prime)
2 As the leader of the (association), he thinks about the money more than anyone else does. (associate)
3 He insulted me (deliberately). (deliberate)
4 With the help of a metal (detector), the team discovered that wreckage lay scattered over a 2000 square-feet-area, often buried beneath sand and seaweed. (detect)
5 One of the tasks for astronauts to Mars was to find if there was anything (living) on it. (live)
LESSON 11
1 Many people wonder how they can be such good friends as they are (entirely) different. (entire)
2 Without (individuality) a painter cannot be a good one. (individual)
3 Before they parted, the Chinese students and their American hostesses sent each other small (remembrances). (remember)
4 As the communication with the area where the accident occurred had not been established, we had, so far, received a (fragmentary) (fragment) report of the accident.
5 You cannot imagine that at the age of 50 she still had figure as (shapely) (shape) as she had 30 years ago.
LESSON 12
1 It was a (miserably) (misery) cold night when he arrived in New York.
2 Long before the war broke out, the military forces had been fully (notified) (note) of its possibility.
3 (Credulity) (incredulous) is the weakest point of his character. He never learns after being deceived.
4 German military units had been (skeletonized) (skeleton) after the Stalingrad Campaign.
5 Hearing the funny story, he laughed himself into (convulsions). (convulsive)
LESSON 13
1 It is argued that the administration of university can adopt the (mechanism) (mechanical) of enterprises.
2 After ten years both of them have changed beyond (recognition). (recognize)
3 One of the Five Principles in international relations is (non-interference) (interfere) in internal affairs.
4 I asked three different people how much they thought my painting was worth, and they gave me three different (valuations). (value)
5 What frustrates many scholars is that nothing is known about the author of the remarkable novel except his (baptismal) (baptize) name is John.
LESSON 14
1 When he finished reading the letter a (thoughtful) (thought) lock came to his face.
2 Martin Luther King, who was an American clergyman and a great leader in the blacks’ struggle against racial (separatism) (separate), won the Nobel Peace Prize in 19.
3 Apart from food, water is also one of the (essentials) (essence) of life.
4 Seeing that tears failed to win back his compassion, she resorted to (venomous) (venom) words.
5 Most people are beginning to see the real (urgency) (urge) of stopping unchecked proliferation of the pet population in this country.
LESSON 15
1 It is the (speculation) (speculate) of his friends that the moody athletic star was deeply affected by the early death of his mother when he was only eighteen years old.
2 The ancient Greeks (colonized) (colony) parts of southern Italy and France.
3 He has been (restless) (rest) and unhappy ever since he lost his job.
4 Unlike her contemporary writers, Miss Jewette wrote with zest and penetration about the (trivialities) (trivial) of life.
5 Everybody believes that her fine piano-playing is her greatest (accomplishment) (accomplish).
LESSON 16
1 Why is he so (defensive) (defense) about his son’s work?
2 Some people believe that a balanced birth and death rate will mean a loss in (creativity) (create).
3 When he returned home a few months later, he made a (resolution) (resolve) to win back what he had lost.
4 Jane could hardly hide her (admiration) (admire) when she watched her grown-up
sisters dress up for the ball.
5 No one who has read this book will not be impressed by the author’s (boundless) (bound) imagination.
LESSON 17
1 After a few minutes Blakey began to shift in his chair, as he felt that it was more a (cross-examination) (cross-examine) than an interview.
2 He is expected to speak to the (assembly) (assemble) this evening.
3 Not to make her guests feel (uneasy) (ease), she suggested they take a walk in the woods.
4 He (agonized) for months over his son’s illness. (agony)
5 There is always an (authoritative) tone is his voice. (authority)
LESSON 18
1 The article is rather difficult to translate from Chinese into English as there are a number of (architectural) terms in it. (architect)
2 The aim of this summit meeting is to reduce the danger of military (confrontation). (confront)
3 The body reaches (maturity) earlier than be mind. (mature)
4 A (metallic) substance is one made from some metal. (metal)
5 He was already assured of the job and his interview was a mere (formality). (formal)
LESSON 19
1 The country has the (capability) to defeat any aggressor. ( capable)
2 He is an (embodiment) of good health. (embody)
3 He gave us quite an interesting and (informative) talk last week. (inform)
4 Climbing these hills can be dangerous due to the (occurrence)snow-storms.(occur)
5 The moon shines by (reflective) light. (reflect).
LESSON 20
1. The store sells (merchandise) from all over the country. (merchant)
2. She stared at him in (disbelief). (believe)
3. He goes to church in spite of his (unbelief). (believe)
of sudden
4. He is a (suggestible) child, and is easily led into mischief by the naughtier children. (suggest)
5. Being an (athletic) young man, he is competent for the job. (athlete)
LESSON 21
1. It’s very (thoughtful) and very kind of you to invite me to your English party. (thought)
2. Many scientists are in the hope that new ways of generating large amount of energy will be (successfully) developed. (success)
3. The world is running out of oil, and energy experts believe that there could be serious (shortage) in the near future. (short)
4. The new test should (enable) doctors to detect the disease early. (able)
5. Documents (treated) with chemicals will not become yellow with age. (treat)
LESSON 22
1. It’s about two hours’ (flight) from here to Beijing. (fly)
2. It was difficult to guess what her (reaction) to the news would be. (react)
3. The committee requests your (presence) at Tuesday’s meeting. ( present)
4. Being small, he was at an immediate (disadvantage) when playing basketball. (advantage)
5. The radio reception is not good because of (interference). (interfere)
LESSON 23
1. Taylor is one of the few child stars who have continued to be (successful) as adults. (succeed)
2. The young fellow has impressed his employer considerably and (accordingly) soon he is to be promoted. (according)
3. Letting that animal escape was no accident; you did it (intentionally). (intention)
4. Although Kate is not beautiful, she is perfect in (personality). (person)
5. A detective story affects me quite (differently) from the other kinds of stories I read. (differ)
LESSON 24
1. After discussing this among ourselves, we’ll have to submit it for (approval) by the leadership. (approve)
2. He drove (cautiously) as the road was icy. (caution)
3. The old woman was (incapable) of walking, o she had to be supported. (capable)
4. It is thought (impolite) for a man to spit in public. (polite)
5. Do the results of research have any practical (application)? (apply)
IV Error Detection
LESSON 20
1. I enjoy music and I would like to hear the concert, but the tickets are so expensive that I can't hardly afford to go.
2. I don't know as you can recognize her from here, but the girl reading a newspaper is Susan.
3. If he would have lain quietly as instructed by the doctor, he might not have had a second heart attack.
4. After the explosion, the director of the industrial complex failed to make steps to prevent a similar disaster.
5. I have studied very hard for my finals this term because unless I pass all of them, its the end of my scholarship.
6. Don't forget, it is the first time she will speak in public.
7. They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan two months ahead of time, that is something we had not expected.
8. It has been estimated that only 21 percent of the world's land surface are cultivatable and that only 7 percent is actually under cultivation.
9. Despite of the pills which are available, many people still have trouble sleeping.
10. It is essential that the temperature is not elevated to a point where the substance formed may become unstable and decompose into its constituent elements.
LESSON 21
1. Whoever inspected this radio should have put their identification number on the box.
2. In order to get married in this state, one must present a medical report along with your identification.
3. What I want to know is that when they will be here
4. At the beginning I don't understand the job, but now I'm making some progress.
5. He is so strongly built that he looks as if he can lift an elephant.
6. I've been sitting here for hours think about my problem.
7. He carried the garbage through the kitchen door and cross the yard.
8. When we had finished to read the article, we began to discuss it among ourselves in spite of our ignorance of chemistry.
9. At first glance the room is neat and clean, but it is not surprised to find smelly socks under the bed.
10. It was no until the patient was taken to hospital did he realize that he suffered from a serious disease.
LESSON 22
1. After searching the house for evidence, the police concluded that someone must have come in through the kitchen window and stole the silver while the family was asleep.
2. It was until he was caught stealing that people found him dishonest.
3. After moving from place to place, they finally settled down hundreds of years ago and founded a church which named Kirkstall Abbey.
4. Though he had won several prizes in the competition, many of us hated the way which he treated other people.
5. It was turned out that the securities were not so valuable as people had expected.
6. I have lost so much weight recently so all my clothes are too big; I must have them taken in.
7. Whether we examine the real estate business nor the manufacturing industries, quick economic recovery is still nowhere in sight.
8. Laura had promised that she would see to it that everything be ready for the party, but it turned out that she herself did not even turn up until after many guests had arrived.
9. The standard on which the metric system is based have been found to be slightly inaccurate.
10. As is known to all, sometimes it is very difficult to tell the difference between technical English from everyday English.
LESSON 23
1. Few of the people in that area realize the importance of protecting the environment; either do they know how to do so.
2. However his social position is, it is necessary that he remember to work hard and to serve the people.
3. Although we are concerned with the problem of energy sources, we must not fail
recognizing the need for environmental protection.
4. Please send me information with regard of insurance policies available from your company.
5. Having been chosen the topics for their essays, the students were instructed to make either a preliminary outline or a rough draft.
6. In all the years that Paul and I have been friends, I had never known him to be friendly to anyone else.
7. Even though she appears very young, she is twice older than my twenty-year-old sister.
8. Paul never told us why was he absent from the meeting yesterday, did he?
9. Contrary to that I had expected, the meeting failed to adopt either of the proposals.
10. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who had never learned one before.
LESSON 24
1. He has been hoped for a raise for the last four months, but his boss is reluctant to give him one.
2. English, having spoken by slightly more than 8 percent of the earth's population, is the most common language after Chinese.
3. It is either similar or different from each of the preceding prepositions.
4. Unlike Americans, who seem to prefer coffee, the English drinks a great deal of tea.
5. In some developing countries, however cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress and is even encouraging.
6. Turn on the TV and a program coming to you from a broadcasting station miles and miles away.
7. By the time you get to San Francisco, I shall leave for Australia.
8. The American standard of living is still higher than most of the other countries of the world.
9. I don't see why I should look forward to sitting in an armchair and do nothing just because I am over sixty.
10. Did Sherry tell you that her brother's leg was broken while playing football yesterday?
VII Sentence Combing
LESSON 9
1. For the first time I saw my father not as the giant of my childhood.
2. I saw my father simply as a lonely man.
A. For the first time I saw my father not as the giant of my childhood, but as a lonely man.
1. More and more universities are creating loan plans to aid middle-income families.
2. Middle-income families are not rich enough to pay rising college costs.
3. Middle-income families are not poor enough to qualify for assistance.
B. More and more universities are creating loan plans to aid middle-income families, as they are neither rich enough to pay rising college costs nor poor enough to qualify for assistance.
1. The four largest hotel companies in the United States are Hilton, Sheraton, Hyatt, and Western International.
2. Western International is the fastest growing hotel company.
C. The four largest hotel companies in the United States are Hilton, Sheraton, Hyatt, and the one growing the fastest, Western International.
1. Above all, lawyers should be committed to the operation of justice.
2. Lawyers should also be committed to their clients.
3. Lawyers should be committed to the judicial process as well.
D. Lawyers should be committed to their clients, the judicial process and, above all, to the operation of justice.
1. The drug PCP is a substitute for heroin.
2. It is a cheap substitute.
3. But it is a deadly substitute.
4. California high school students have recently learned that it is a deadly substitute.
E. California high school students have recently learned that the drug PCP is a cheap, yet deadly substitute for heroin.
1. PCP is known in the streets as angel dust.
2. PCP is known in the streets as hog.
3. PCP is known in the streets as peace pills.
4. PCP is known in the streets as super joint.
5. PCP is known in the streets as magic mist.
6. PCP is known in the streets as wobble weed.
F. PCP is known in the streets as angel dust and hog, peace pills and superjoint, magic mist and wobble weed.
1. No matter how you measure it, education is the largest “industry” in the nation.
2. You can measure it in terms of dollars spent.
3. You can measure it in terms of people involved.
G. Whether you measure it in terms of dollars spent or people involved, education is the largest “industry” in the nation.
1. Methodists set out for the Oregon Territory in the 1830s.
2. They went to convert the Indians.
3. They went to support American government claims to the area.
4. Most of them did not know that they went to support American government claims to the area.
H.Methodists set out for the Oregon Territory in the 1830s to convert the Indians and, unknown to most of them, they went to support American government claims to the area.
1. Fewer blacks are leaving the rural South these days.
2. They are staying not because farming has become more popular.
3. They are staying because industry is moving in.
I. Fewer blacks are leaving the rural South these days not because farming has become more popular, but because industry is moving in.
Pantomime cannot convey a complicated story line or deep philosophical reasoning, but for the creation of certain moods or scenes, its effectiveness is unparalleled.
1. The audience is unhampered by stage properties.
2. The audience is aided by the supple mind of the actor.
3. The audience is aided by the supple body of the actor.
4. The audience can see what is not there.
5. The audience can hear what is not said.
6. The audience can believe the impossible.
7. The believing will be for a short while at least.
J. The audience not only is unhampered by stage properties and aided by the supple mind and body of the actor, but also can see what is not there, hear what is not said and, for a short while at least, believe the impossible.
LESSON 10
1. She pretended to be one of us.
2. She took part in all our pranks.
3. This helped hide her identity.
4. She was a policewoman.
A. Pretending to be one of us and taking part in all our pranks helped hide her identity as a policewoman.
1. You bury a dead cat at midnight.
2. Or you rub the spot with grasshopper spit.
3. This might cure warts as effectively as medical treatment.
B. Burying a dead cat at midnight or rubbing the spot with grasshopper spit might cure warts as effectively as medical treatment.
1. You reduce your weight.
2. It is not just a matter of this.
3. You clip a diet out of a magazine.
C. Reducing your weight is not just a matter of clipping a diet out of a magazine.
1. One tries to bring about changes in education.
2. This has been compared to a move.
3. One moves a cemetery.
D. Trying to bring about changes in education has been compared to moving a cemetery.
1. You can gamble legally.
2. This is one of society’s adjustments of its laws.
3. The adjustments are periodic.
E. Gambling legally is one of society’s periodic adjustments of its laws.
1. You eat Japanese style.
2. This means you experience a passion.
3. The passion is almost fanatical.
4. The passion is for balance and contrast.
F. To eat Japanese style means that you experience an almost fanatical passion for balance and contrast.
1. One says this.
2. History is a record of dates and battles.
3. This ignores most of history’s significance.
4. This makes history merely a list of selected events.
G. To say that history is a record of dates and battles ignores most of history’s significance and makes history merely a list of selected events.
1. The Equal Rights Amendment is not ratified by three-fourths of the states.
2. The Equal Rights Amendment does not become law.
3. This would be a slap in the face to millions of American women.
H.For the Equal Rights Amendment not to be ratified by three-fourths of the states and not to become law would be a slap in the face to millions of American women.
1. A restaurant becomes a five-star restaurant.
2. This means the restaurant has consistently maintained superior standards.
3. The standards are of quality in food and service.
I. For a restaurant to become a five-star restaurant means the restaurant has consistently maintained superior standards of quality in food and service.
1. The faculty do not want to have their classes evaluated by students.
2. This is to reject the best kind of advice.
3. How can the faculty improve and perfect their teaching?
J. For the faculty not to want to have their classes evaluated by students is to reject the best kind of advice to improve and perfect their teaching.
1. Even in some elementary schools, children have easy access to drugs.
2. This is no longer a secret.
K. It is no longer a secret that even in some elementary schools, children have easy access to drugs.
1. Al Capone tried to keep his criminal record clean.
2. This helped him.
3. He controlled his underworld empire without police interference.
L. That Al Capone tried to keep his criminal record clean helped him control his underworld empire without police interference.
1. The editors of the Washington Post hoped this.
2. The story would be accepted by the public.
3. The story would be hailed by the public.
4. The editors of the Washington Post doubted this.
5. The story would be embraced by the president.
M. The editor of the Washington Post hoped that the story would be accepted and
hailed by the public but they doubted whether it would be embraced by the president.
1. The percentage of Americans is increasing dramatically.
2. The Americans are left-handed.
3. This shows something.
4. We’re obviously becoming a left-handed nation.
N. That the percentage of Americans who are left-handed are increasing
dramatically shows that we are obviously becoming a left-handed nation.
1. The Olympic Games have become prohibitively expensive.
2. This is one reason for it.
3. Why do American cities show little interest in hosting the Olympic Games?
O. That the Olympic Games have become prohibitively expensive is one reason why American cities show little interest in hosting the Olympic Games.
1. It is this that makes some people reject modern art.
2. Modern art apparently lacks concern for traditional values.
3. Traditional values include beauty proportion and technical expertise.
P. What makes some people reject modern art is that is apparently lacks concern for traditional values including beauty, proportion, and technical expertise.
1. Who claims the word of God as his personal domain?
2. That person is more likely to be a fanatic than a saint.
Q. Whoever claims the word of God as his personal domain is more likely to be a fanatic than a saint.
1. Where did Moriarty make his mistake?
2. He underestimated the skill of his nemesis.
3. His nemesis was Sherlock Holmes.
R. Where Moriarty made his mistake was that he underestimated the skill of his nemesis, Sherlock Holmes.
1. How soon is socialized medicine coming to America?
2. This depends on the time.
3. When will the majority of Americans get tired of paying astronomical doctor’s bills?
S. How soon socialized medicine is coming to America depends on when the majority
of Americans will get tired of paying astronomical doctor’s bills.
1. Should prisoners be used for human experiments?
2. This is not only a legal question.
3. This is also a moral question.
T. Whether prisoners should be used for human experiments is not only a legal question, but also a moral question.
LESSON 12
A. The Senate took a final vote on the measure to eliminate discrimination in mortgage lending yesterday.
Yesterday the Senate took a final vote on the measure to eliminate discrimination in mortgage lending.
B. Police kept their bargain in the aftermath of the raid to release the terrorist leader without bail, a move that prompted some criticism.
In the aftermath of the raid to release the terrorist leader, police kept their bargain without bail, a move that prompted some criticism.
C. A dancer leaps out of the blackness into the stark, bright circle of light, a storm of
energy caught in black rights and greasepaint.
Out of the blackness leaps a dancer into the stark, bright circle of light, a storm of energy caught in black lights and greasepaint.
D. The passion of Haley’s narrative and its wealth of new material make Roots an event of social importance.
It is the passion of Haley’s narrative and its wealth of new material that make Roots an event of social importance.
E. President Kennedy’s 1961 White House Conference on Aging first focused the nation’s attention on the concerns of old people.
It was President Kennedy’s 1961 White House Conference on Aging that first focused the nation’ attention on the concerns of old people.
F. Jerry Kapstein negotiated the athlete’s eye-popping movie deal that pays$3,000,000 for a six-picture contract.
It was Jerry Kapstein who negotiated the athlete’s eye-popping movie deal that pays $3,000,000 for a six-picture contract.
G. Alfred Nobel hoped to be remembered for his peace prize, not for his invention of dynamite.
What Alfred Nobel hoped was to be remembered for his peace prize, not for him invention of dynamite.
H. The scientists were trying to say that limiting possession of the atomic bomb to a few countries was impossible.
What the scientists were trying to say was that limiting possession of the atomic bomb to a few countries was impossible.
I. Olivier shows the audience that a great actor turns his body into a force to jolt the viewer into a higher consciousness.
What Oliver shows the audience is that a great actor turns his body into a force to jolt the viewer into a higher consciousness.
J. Little about Woody Allen’s appearance connects him to the glamorous world of show business.
There is little about Woody Allen’s appearance that connects him to the glamorous world of show business.
K. An important key to understanding Amin’s erratic behavior is buried deep in his early personal relationships.
There is an important key to understanding Amin’s erratic behavior that is buried deep in his early personal relationships.
L. Millions of Americans retain strong religious ties in an age when religion is thought to be waning.
There are millions of Americans that retain strong religious ties in an age when religion is thought to be waning.
M. reports.
Sightings of a giant seal swimming near shore prompted the initial “sea monster”
The initial “sea monster” reports were prompted by sightings of a giant seal swimming near shore.
N. An administration and Congress unprecedented in their regard for the arts back up Carter.
Carter is backed up by an administration and Congress unprecedented in their regard for the arts.
O. Air travel doomed Europe’s luxury sleeping car express trains the victims of progress and of the lust for speed.
Europe’s luxury sleeping car express trains, the victims of progress and of the lust for speed, was doomed by air travel.
LESSON 13
1. Cincinnati is a city blessed with more than its share of good restaurants.
2. Of smut Cincinnati is blessed with less than its share.
A. Cincinnati is a city blessed with more than its share of good restaurants and with less than its share of smut.
1. Women still don’t get the recognition they deserve for their efforts.
2. And for their crimes, the punishment they deserve is still not gotten by rapists.
B. Just as women still don’t get the recognition they deserve for their efforts, the rapists don’t get the punishment they deserve for their crimes.
1. For some Catholics the injustice of celibacy is not just that priests cannot marry.
2. But it is that married men can never become clergymen.
C. For some Catholics the injustice of celibacy is not just that priests cannot marry, but that married men can never become clergymen.
1. The going gets tough.
2. That’s when people who are tough start mobbing.
D. When the tough start moving, the going gets tough.
1. Oklahoma became a state in 1907.
2. New Mexico became a state in 1912.
E. Oklahoma became a state in 1907 and New Mexico in 1912.
1. The photographer does not create the beauty of a landscape.
2. Even so, he controls how it will be remembered.
3. And, to some extent, how it will be interpreted later is controlled by him.
F. Even if the photographer does not create the beauty of a landscape, he does control how it will be remembered and how it will be interpreted later to some extent.
1. To equalize economic opportunity, the Camegie Council on Children recommends policies.
2. The policies are fairly conventional in kind.
3. But the policies are, in degree, fairly extreme.
G. To equalize economic opportunity, the Camegie Council on Children recommends policies which are fairly conventional in kind but fairly extreme in degree.
1. The 1976 presidential election forced voters to choose.
2. One choice was an uncertain Democratic future.
3. The other choice was a present with Republicans that was unsatisfactory.
H.The 1967 presidential election forced voters to choose between an uncertain Democratic future and an unsatisfactory Republican present.
1. In historical terms, the 1976 election offered voters a choice.
2. They could choose the possibility of another Franklin Roosevelt.
3. Or they could choose a president who, certainly, would be like Calvin Coolidge.
I. In historical terms, the 1976 election offered voters a choice between the possibility of another Franklin Roosevelt and the certainty of a would-be Calvin Coolidge.
1. It is right, obviously right, that the Vietnam War should not be permitted to pass out of sight.
2. It is correct to insist that its lessons are not yet learned.
3. It is proper that its minutest details be recorded.
J. It is right, obviously right not to permit the Vietnam War to pass out of sight, it is correct to insist on learning its lessons and it is proper to record its minutest details
LESSON 14
这一课的练习都是修改一段话的最后一句，所以解答的时候只需要把这最后一句按要求改好即可，前面的不需要写下来。考试时按照下面的答题方式来做就可以了。
A. Thirteen-year-old Cynthia Blake of Argo, Illinois, refused to take coeducational swim classes because her religion said it would be immodest to show her body in the presence of the opposite sex. The school principal said that Cynthia was not going to graduate without four years of physical education because the state law requires it. (Rearrange the last sentence to emphasize “graduate”.)
… The school principal said, because the state law requires it, without four years of physical education, Cynthia couldn’t graduate.
B. Dozens of students at a New York university were recently coerced into taking part in psychology department experiments that involved electric shock machines. The coercion consisted of giving students a choice between writing a term paper and participating in the experiments. This was some choice they were given. (Change the last sentence to an emphatic fragment.)
… What choice!
C. While the rest of the world played soccer, Americans played football, basketball, and baseball. But now soccer is rapidly escalating into a major sport in the United States for reasons as simple as the game itself-school officials like it and kids like it. High school athletic
departments, strapped for operating funds, can fully outfit a soccer player for less than the price of a football helmet. And kids don’t need to be big to play soccer. They need the desire to run. (Change the last sentence into an emphatic construction.)
… What they need is only the desire to run.
D. Carl Sandburg was a sensitive poet, yet a brilliant scholar. He wrote of democracy, yet hobnobbed with the rich and powerful. He wrote of love for humanity, yet carried grudges all his life. Sandburg was a man of contradictions. (Introduce the last sentence with a connective phrase indicating importance.)
… Above all, Sandburg was a man of contradictions.
E. Women are not new to terrorism. Charlotte Corday stabbed Marat to death in his bath during the French Revolution. Maude Gonne took part in the Irish Rebellion of 1916. But now more and more women become members of terrorist groups. One psychologist studying the phenomenon of increasing female terrorism links it to the determination of women to prove they are as good as men even at crime. (Change the punctuation to emphasize “even at crime”.)
… One psychologist studying the phenomenon of increasing female terrorism links it to the determination of women to prove they are as good as men-even at crime.
LESSON 15
A. Rape clinics discuss various methods of self-defense for women. Panic stricken women cannot always use this training in a real situation.
Rape clinics discuss various methods of self-defense for women. But panic stricken women cannot always use this training in a real situation.
B. Walking is a skill people learn as babies. There must be more to it than putting one foot ahead of the other. In any given year, some 15 thousand American pedestrians are killed by motor vehicles.
Walking is a skill people learn as babies. In fact there must be more to it than putting one foot ahead of the other. For instance, in any given year, some 15 thousand American pedestrians are killed by motor vehicles.
C. The International Olympic Committee tries to enforce the amateur status of Olympic athletes. Many people charge that government-sponsored athletes from Communist countries compete on the professional level.
The International Olympic Committee tries to enforce the amateur status of Olympic athletes. So many people charge that government-sponsored athletes from Communist countries compete on the professional level.
D. All mushrooms are fungi. Not all fungi are mushrooms in the popular sense. There are an estimated 100 thousand species of fungi. Mushrooms are two types, poisonous and nonpoisonous. It is these poisonous mushrooms that we commonly call toadstools.
All mushrooms are fungi. But not all fungi are mushrooms in the popular sense. In fact there are an estimated 100 thousand species of fungi. Among them, mushrooms are two types, poisonous and nonpoisonous. It is these poisonous mushrooms that we commonly call toadstools.
E. The porpoise is an especially appealing animal-intelligent, playful, and altogether winsome. No one but a brute would desire its extinction. Every time a large tuna boat makes its catch, hundreds of porpoises are killed. The U.S. government enforces strict regulations against the tuna fishermen. Many fishermen threaten to join the fishing fleets of other nations less concerned about the well-being of porpoises. Many have already gone. With every fisherman’s departure, the plight of the porpoise becomes more desperate. If the American fleet is disbanded, the American regulations will have no protective force, and the porpoise is doomed.
The porpoise is an especially appealing animal-intelligent, playful, and altogether winsome. So no one but a brute would desire its extinction But every time a large tuna boat makes its catch, hundreds of porpoises are killed. Therefore the U.S. government enforces strict regulations against the tuna fishermen. Many fishermen then threaten to join the fishing fleets of other nations less concerned about the well-being of porpoises. In fact, many have already gone. With every fisherman’s departure, the plight of the porpoise becomes more desperate, because if the American fleet is disbanded, the American regulations will have no protective force, and the porpoise is doomed.
F. In the 1970s the Supreme Court gave states and municipalities the power of discretion in establishing penalties for certain crimes. For example, it has given localities the right to
establish their own obscenity laws, with the result that books and movies prohibited in one county may be available only a few miles away. The Court has allowed state and local powers to supersede federal powers.
In the 1970s the Supreme Court gave states and municipalities the power of discretion in establishing penalties for certain crimes. For example, it has given localities the right to establish their own obscenity laws, with the result that books and movies prohibited in one county may be available only a few miles away. In judging these crimes, the Court has allowed state and local powers to supersede federal powers.
G. Travelers are surprised to find almost no eyeglasses on Chinese children. All children perform a series of eye exercises for 20 minutes each day in school to strengthen their vision.
Travelers are surprised to find almost no eyeglasses on Chinese children. That is perhaps because all children perform a series of eye exercises for 20 minutes each day in school to strengthen their vision.
H. With the president’s decision not to build the new supersonic B1 bomber, the aging, subsonic B52 may well remain the backbone of our nuclear deterrent force into 1990s. Many B52s would be pushing 40 years of age-older than the Wright Brothers’ plane would have been on Pearl Harbor Day.
With the president’s decision not to build the new supersonic B1 bomber, the aging, subsonic B52 may well remain the backbone of our nuclear deterrent force into 1990s. Many B52s would be pushing 40 years of age-older than the Wright Brothers’ plane as
they would have been on Pearl Harbor Day.
I. Applying to graduate school is a time-consuming, expensive, and unpredictable venture. Undergraduates must take the required graduate examination and, after deciding where they would like to apply, write to the schools for application forms. They must ask three or four professors to write letters of recommendation and request the registrar to send off transcripts of their undergraduate records. The cost can be from as little as two dollars to forward the transcripts to as much as 25 dollars for application fees. There is no guarantee of acceptance.
Applying to graduate school is a time-consuming, expensive, and unpredictable venture. Before they apply, undergraduates must take the required graduate examination and, after deciding where they would like to apply, write to the schools for application forms. They must ask three or four professors to write letters of recommendation and request the registrar to send off transcripts of their undergraduate records. In the whole process, the cost can be from as little as two dollars to forward the transcripts to as much as 25 dollars for application fees. And also there is no guarantee of acceptance.
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