Material07大学英语语法补充讲练--主谓一致

英语中常用前缀、后缀(1) I．常用前缀（Prefixes）(1)

anti-: against, opposite 反（对）；抗；非 anti-Japanese, antiwar, antislavery;

auto-: of or by oneself 自己（做）的；自己；本身automobile; autobiography; auto-land; auto-criticism be-: cause to be or have 使，使显得；视作befriend; belittle; befool (愚弄, 欺骗, 糟蹋)

bi-: two, twice, double 二，双，两倍 bicycle; bimonthly; biweekly; bio-: life 生命，生物

biochemistry; biosphere; biology centi-: hundredth part of 百分之一 centimeter; centigrade (百分度的)

co-: with, together（和…）一起；共同, 联合 co-operation; coexist; cohabit

con-: with, together（和…）一起；共同, 联合conjoin（联合）; cencentric（同中心的）

col-:（用在字母l的前面）共同, 联合collocation （并置） com-: （用在字母m, b, 和p之前）compassion （同情） cor-: （用在字母r之前） correlation（相互关系）

contra-: opposite 反对，相反，相对contramissile (反弹道导弹)；contranatural （违反自然的）

counter-:Contrary; opposite; opposing与…相反；相对；对立的：

counterattack; counterrevolution;

de-: showing an opposite, to remove, to reduce 非，相反，除去，减少

decode (解密); devalue; decompose

dis-: not, the opposite of 否定，相反disadvantage; disbelief; disavowal (否定, 拒绝)

en-:cause to become, put into the stated condition 使成为，使处于…状态

endanger; enlarge

em-: (用在字母m, b, 和p之前) 使成为，使处于…状态 embody (体现); empower (授权) ex-: former 以前的，前任的 ex-minister; ex-husband

extra-: outside, beyond 超出，在…之外extracurricular (课外的); extraordinary

fore-: in advance, before, in or at the front 预先，前，在前面的

foreleg (前腿); forewarn in-: not 不，非，无 inability; indirect; incorrect 英语中的主谓一致问题

1. 如果主语和谓语之间插入一个短语，如as well as, together with, in the accompany of, accompanied by, besides, in additional to, including, except, but, like, unlike, rather than, no less than 等等，这时谓语动词的数要与短语所修饰的主语相一致，这些短语对主语的单复数不构成任何影响。

The manager, together with his wife and children, is going to visit Canada next month.

My uncle, as well as his colleagues, is leaving for home on Sunday.

2. 当作主语的名词前有every, each, either, neither, much, little, a little, whole 等修饰时，谓语动词用其单数形式，当有many, several, a few, few, a number of 等修饰时，用复数形式。但many a

修饰的名词后接单数形式的谓语。

Every man and woman is asked to vote. The situation goes against him. Many a boy like football.

当名词前有 all of, some of, most of, half of, the rest of, a lot of, the last, the reminder等修饰时，谓语动词的数要根据该名词的数而定。名词是复数，谓语为复数，反之用单数。

Let’s share the last apple. Half of the apple is for you. There are twenty apples. Half of the apple are for you. All butter is made from milk.

Some of the water is polluted.

作主语的名词受数词，百分比，分数的修饰时，谓语动词既可作单数，亦可作复数，要视情况而定。

One hundred people means a great group. One third of the books are published in English. Two thirds of the cake is reserved for father.

3. 由or, either…or, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接的两个成分作主语时，谓语动词的数依据就近原则，取决于与相邻的名词的数。Either his father or his brother is coming to see him this Saturday afternoon.

Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else has been awarded the first prize.

Not only the students but also the teacher is greatly delighted.

6. 不定代词作主语时，它的意义似乎是多数的，但在语法上总是作单数来处理。常见的不定代词有：anyone, anybody, anything, someone,

somebody,

something,

everyone,

everybody,

everything, no one, nobody, nothing, one each, either, neither, whatever, whichever, whoever, etc.

Everybody thinks he will be the winner.

Help yourself to whichever suites you.

Whoever breaks the law is to be punished. 7. 不定式，动词-ing 形式，以及that 和wh- 型词引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但是，如果用and 把两个相同成分连接起来，谓语动词用复数。

To die for the people is a great honor. Milking is no longer a chore for him.

That reading a detective story is more fun than reading an essay on philosophy is obvious.

Whether it rains no not does not mean anything to us. Why he did it and how he did it are the questions only he himself can answer.

8. 倒装中的名词的数：here 和there, 如果被放在句首，句子一般要倒装，也就是说，动词出现在主语之前，这时谓语动词的数要依据名词的单复数而定。

Here is the dictionary I mentioned in the class last week. There have arisen a number of problems which the researchers did not expect.

Here come the professors from California University. Exercises:

1. Neither the girls nor the teacher _________ going to visit Nanjing on Sunday.

A. are B. is C. were D. was

2. More than one students in this class _________ against that advice.

A. have protested B. is protested C. has protested

D. are protested

3. All but one worker __________ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were

4. Any way, it is you who _________ the right to decide. A. have B. is C. has D. are

5. They as well as I __________ in fishing. A. are interesting B. am interested C. is interested D. are interested

6. Dr. Johnson, together with his wife and children, _________ photos on t he Great Wall.

A. was seen take B. were seen take C. was seen taking D. were seen taking

7. Two-thirds of the children in this kindergarten _________ from worker’s families.

A. comes B. come C. has came D. have come

8. John and Smith neither _______ nor _________. A. smoke / drink

B. smokes / drinks C. smoked / drink D. smoke / drank

9. “The Arabian Nights” __________ a very famous novel. A. is B. are C. was D. were

10. To get up early in the morning _________ a lot of good for one’s health.

A. do B. will do C. did D. does

11. One pair of glasses __________ enough for this girl. A. has not B. have not C. are not D. is not

12. The police _________ a thief all around the building. A. is searching B. are searching C. searches D. is not

13. Twenty plus three __________ twenty-three. A. is B. be C. was D. are

14. AIDS ________ a very complicated disease for a doctor to

research.

A. are B. is C. has D. have

15. Both his brother and sister ___________ teachers. A. are B. has been C. is

D. have been

16. This is one of the bridges that __________ in this city. A. has been built B. have been built C. were built D. was built

17. His daughter, his wife, his house, his property __________ in several seconds.

A. are lost B. were lost C. was lost D. lose

18. The office staff _________ gathered to have a public meeting.

A. will have B. has C. is D. are

19. Not everyone like everyone else, ________? A. does he B. does everyone

C. doesn’t he D. do they

20. Those who ________ to visit Canada during the summer vacation, please hand in your application.

A. wants B. wanted C. want D. would want

21. Y our bicycle and mine _________ the same. A. is B. was C. are D. be

22. Half the person in this room __________ women. A. is B. are C. has been D. was

23. The rest of the water in that well ________. A. are polluted B. pollutes C. is polluted D. polluted

24. Linda is the only one of the foreigners that _________ Chinese well.

A. speaks B. spoken C. speaked D. speak

25. The worker in this factory are much richer than ________ in

that one.

A. one B. those C. that D. it

26. Mathematics _________ a very important role in forming one’s outlook.

A. played B. plays C. play

D. will have played

27. Linguistics __________ the subject of linguistics. A. belong to B. belonged to C. belongs to D. has belonged to

28. One thousand meters _________ a long distance to the little girl.

A. mean B. meant C. has meant D. means

29. The species of deer _________ numerous in Changbai Mountain.

A. is B. has been C. are D. was

30. One and half months _________ not enough for us to finish that job.

A. are B. were C. have D. is

31. Drinking, smoking, and gambling _________ three bad habits.

A. is B. are C. have been D. was

32. Surroundings of the school _________ dirty. A. are B. is C. was D. has been